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Companies need to innovate to remain in the market and be competitive. Thus, success will depend on your internal resources and the external sources of knowledge used. The cooperation between univerity and industry (U–I) allows companies to access resources that, in general, they do not have, allowing them to achieve innovation, competitive advantages, and competitiveness. The purpose of this study is to understand the determinants that influence U–I cooperation in creating knowledge and innovation.

This study analyzes the determinants considered essential for companies to establish cooperation processes with universities. The research uses the last community innovation survey data set, data from 14 countries, and 28,743 observations. The method uses logistic regression.

The results confirm that the company's size, the innovative capacities associated with R&D, exportation and public funds are essential and significant determinants for the cooperation with universities. On the other hand, the acquisition of machinery and training programs are not a critical factor in establishing cooperation with universities that are not in the same country. The analysis considered companies cooperation with universities of the same country, from the European Union (EU) or other countries outside EU.

In addition to providing substantial theoretical contributions on the subject, this research also provides more information about the importance of U–I cooperation, allowing to characterize companies interested in developing U–I cooperation.

Digital transformation, and the use and pervasiveness of social media in particular, have changed society. Politicians and political institutions increasingly use social media channels; hence political communication is changing as well. Continuous availability through smartphones and other devices has not only led to more information exchange between political and public actors, but also lobbyists, who classically communicate remotely, are also starting to respond to these changes and use tools such as Twitter, Facebook and the like. Against this background, this study provides insights into the effects of digital transformation, especially social media, on lobbying in Germany. Data were gathered from 15 interviews and seven focus groups with lobbyists and political decision makers in Berlin. The analysis shows that digital lobbying operates within a novel logic, due to the public context of social media. It is the human element that becomes the decisive factor in digital lobbying due to the social aspect in social media. Accordingly, investigating digital lobbying is critical to establish implications for theory and for practice.

This paper aims to study the use of pumpkin pulp and its by-products in food formulation. Pumpkins are important and useful in the food industry. However, only the pulp is used, and the shell and seeds are wasted, which represents an important food waste.

A systematic review was performed by searching electronic databases relating to the physicochemical, textural and sensory effects of the pumpkin pulp and its by-products’ incorporation into foods. No human subjects were involved, and ethical approval was not required.

Pumpkin seeds and shell have been included in quite a variety of products. The primary effects on the physicochemical properties of bakery products, dairy products, beverages and snacks are the increase in energy, protein, iron, calcium, carotene content and textural properties (hardness, chewiness, snapping force and viscosity).

Limitations comprise the heterogeneity of the studies included, which causes varied results.

It was evidenced that pumpkin is already included in food products, especially in bakery products. However, there are not many products where the shell and seeds are used. Therefore, it is a field to be explored, as these by-products have great potential both to enrich food products and to reduce food waste contributing to sustainability.